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Inside Gitmo
Chapter 12: Hunger Strikes:
Asymmetrical Warfare in Action

Content Summary

  • Of all techniques used by dissidents, the hunger strike is only effective when strikers deal with an authority constrained by high moral codes. IRA hunger strikes against the British had dramatic effect. Contrast that to a hunger strike in a Soviet gulag and you will get the opposite reaction.

  • Hunger strikes were used at Guantanamo by Haitian refugees in order to close the HIV/AIDS camp in the mid-1990s. One of the proponents, who openly coached the Haitians in hunger striking, wrote a piece about it referenced on this site.

  • That same individual returned to Gitmo as an attorney for detainees. After his visits - and those of similarly-minded attorneys - incidence of hunger striking among the detainees rose to record levels. Coincidence? Read these pages and make your own decision.

  • Number of hunger strikers peaked at 131 in September 2005 - as the detainees celebrated the 9/11 anniversary - and have since declined. Why?

  • Read details of the hunger strikes - how it quickly became a contest of wills between detainees and the command - and see how the statement by one of the commanders, "No one should be rewarded for being on hunger strike," ultimately led to safe, humane resolution of the problem.

  • At the height of the strike, twice-daily treatment in the hospital opened the door for mini-riots, attacks on US medical personnel, and overtaxing of resources.

  • What ingenious techniques were used? You will be as surprised by the simplicity and efficiency of the solution as you will be at the vicious reaction the techniques provoked among the anti-Guantanamo activists.

  • Learn how detainees "gamed" the hunger strike situation, how attorney behavior was highly suspicious, and the details of involuntary feeding. Said to be grossly inhumane, see how one Gitmo commander insisted that he be fed through a gastric tube so that he could see what the hunger striking detainees went through.

Reprinted end notes from chapter twelve of the book, with links to source
documents and other supporting materials

1. David Beresford, “The Deaths That Gave New Life to an IRA Legend,” [London] Guardian, October 5, 1981; David Mckittrick, “Remembering Bobby Sands,” The Independent, May 5, 2006; Melanie McFadyean, “The Legacy of the Hunger Strikes,” [London] Guardian, March 4, 2006.

2. See the “Chronology of the Conflict” summaries covering 1980 and 1981 as provided by the Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) website, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk .

3. Peter Taylor, “Provos: The IRA & Sinn Féin.” London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1997.

 

4. Michael Ratner, “How We Closed the Guantanamo HIV Camp: The Intersection of Politics and Litigation,” Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 11, Spring 1998.

5. David Horowitz, “Unholy Alliance: Radical Islam and the American Left.” Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004, pp. 179ff .

 

6. Reuters, “Serious Turn to Guantánamo Protest,” October 7, 2005.

7. Carol Rosenberg, “Guantánamo Inmate Says Guards Forced Feeding Tubes Up His Nose,” San Luis Obispo Tribune, October 25, 2005. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article was previously located at http://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/nation/12995264.htm yet is no longer available at that website. However, the article appears in it's entirety starting on page 5 of a PDF file located here .]PDF file graphic

8. Nat Hentoff , “Is This Your America?,” The Village Voice, November 15, 2005.

9. Adam Zagorin, “At Guantánamo, Dying Is Not Permitted,” Time, June 30, 2006.

10. Alasdair Palmer, “This Is al Qaeda Rule 18: ‘You Must Claim You Were Tortured,” The Telegraph, January 30, 2005.

11. Neil A. Lewis, “Guantánamo Detainees Deliver Intelligence Gains,” New York Times, March 20, 2004. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article was entitled "U.S. Military Describes Findings at Guantánamo" by the New York Times yet appeared under the title above in other publications.]

12. Julia Preston, “Lawyer Is Guilty of Aiding Terror,” New York Times, February 11, 2005.

13. Interview with Julia Tarver, “Lawyer: Guantánamo Detainees on Hunger Strike Tortured and Violently Force-Fed by Guards, Medical Staff ,” Democracy Now, November 21, 2005.

14. Suzanne Goldenberg, “UN Report Calls for Closure of Guantánamo,” The Guardian, February 14, 2006.

15. Cog Coughlin, “UN Inquiry Demands Immediate Closure of Guantánamo,” The Telegraph, February 13, 2006.

16. Manchester Manual, lesson 18.

17. Author interview with Lieutenant Colonel Jeremy Martin, PAO JTF GTMO, January 2006.

18. Tim Golden, “U.S. Steps up Force-Feeding at Guantánamo Bay,” New York Times, February 9, 2006.

19. Author interview with Navy Captain Stephen Edmonson, July 2005.

20. Shakir Ami, ISN 239, told Bumgarner that his attorney, Clive Stafford Smith, was “using” him and that he was in turn “using Clive.” Bumgarner interview, June 2006.

21. Author interview with anonymous Navy hospital corpsman, May 2006.

22. Author interview with Navy nurse who requested anonymity, May 2006.

23. Camps I through IV are open air, without air conditioning.

24. Tim Golden, “Tough U.S. Steps in Hunger Strike at Camp in Cuba,” New York Times, February 6, 2006.

25. Author interviews with Major General Jay Hood, Commander JTF GTMO, January 2006, and with Admiral Harry Harris, June and December 2006.

26. Author interview with Navy captain hospital commander, June 2006.

27. Author interviews with Admiral Harris and Navy captain detainee hospital commander, December 2006.

28. Department of Justice, Lead Petitioners’ Counsel in Guantánamo Habeas Cases, PDF file graphicFOIA release, January 2007. Full list of counsels are available in Appendix.

29. “Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Supreme Court Syllabus,” October 2005.PDF file graphic

30. Anna Palmer, “Attack on Guantánamo Firms Cements Bond with Clients,” New York Lawyer Legal Times, January 24, 2007. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article can be access via http://www.nylawyer.com/login.php?source=/news/07/01/012407c although it will be necessary to register with New York Lawyer service.]

31. The directory is located on the Internet at http://law.shu.edu/guantanamoteachin/page8.htm .

32. See the list on the Internet at http://law.shu.edu/guantanamoteachin/page1.htm .

33. Interview with Joshua Colangelo- Bryan, cageprisoners, October 19, 2005.

34. Khan, My Guantánamo Diary.

 

35. Alan Mittelstaedt, “Stephen Yagman Can Only Blame Himself,” LA City Beat, November 29, 2007.

36. Judge Stephen Wilson, who sentenced him, said, “I was shocked by [Yagman’s false testimony]. To me, it was so transparently untrue in so many areas. So I came away with the view that he compounded the lies by concocting
documents that weren’t true. He testified so falsely and produced such false documents. I must impose a serious sentence. “Famous, High-Living Lawyer Convicted of Tax Evasion, Fraud,” Associated Press, June 26, 2007. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article can be access via http://www.nylawyer.com/display.php/file=/news/07/06/062607j although it will be necessary to register with New York Lawyer service.]

37. Jackie Northam, Guantánamo Commander Prepares to Leave Post, NPR, March 14, 2006.

38. Author interview with Commander Patrick McCarthy, June 2006.

39. Ibid.

40. USAF Brigadier General Thomas Hemingway, legal adviser to the Appointing Authority Office of the Military Commissions, is an OSD– level attorney who came back on active duty from private practice to assist with Guantánamo detainee issues.

41. “Jimmy Carter: Guantánamo Is a “Disgrace to the USA,” Al Jazeera, July 30, 2005. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article could not be located at the Al Jazeera website. However, a very similar article entitled "Carter Criticizes Iraq War, Detentions at Guantanamo" by Associated Press reporter Cassandra Vinograd provides the same information.]

42. Two cases before the SCOUS were Handan v. Rumsfeld and Rasul v. Bush.

43. United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Amended Protective Order and Procedures for Counsel Access to Detainees at the United States Naval Base in Guantánamo, Cuba, signed by Judge Joyce Hens Green, November 8, 2004. Exhibit A: Revised Procedures for Counsel Access to Detainees at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantánamo, Cuba; Exhibit B: Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Access to Classifi ed National Security Information; Exhibit C: Acknowledgement. Note: Exhibits B and C must be signed by counsel. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this 15 page order and the exhibits starts on 87 of the PDF file located here .] PDF file graphic

44. Ibid., Exhibit C.
45. Ibid., Exhibit B.

46. Andrew McCarthy, “Sentencing Day Arrives for Lynne Stewart,” National Review, October 16, 2006. See also Michael Tremoglie, “Who Is Behind Lynne Stewart?” FrontPageMag, September 25, 2002.

47. United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Exhibit A.

48. Author conversation with Colonel Michael Bumgarner, January 2006.

49. Author conversation with Lieutenant Colonial Michael Nicolucci, December 16, 2006.

50. Author conversation with Admiral Harry Harris, December 17, 2006.

51. Neil A. Lewis, “Official Attacks Top Law Firms Over Detainees,” New York Times, January 13, 2007.

52. Anna Palmer, “Attack on Guantánamo Firms Cements Bond with Clients,” Legal Times, New York Lawyer, January 24, 2007. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article can be access via http://www.nylawyer.com/login.php?source=/news/07/01/012407c although it will be necessary to register with New York Lawyer service.]

53. Vesselin Mitez, “NY Lawyer Disbarred for Terror Conviction Stirs Up Furor with Campus Appearance,” New York Law Journal, October 9, 2007. [Inside Gitmo website administrative note: this article can be access via http://www.nylawyer.com/news/07/10/100907k.html although it will be necessary to register with New York Lawyer service.]

54. Jim McElhatton, “Kuwait Helps Pay Detainees’ Legal Bills,” Washington Times, July 25, 2008. Ref: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jul/25/kuwait-helps-pay-detainees-legal-bills/ .

55. Interview with Guantánamo attorney Clive Stafford Smith and Mohammad al Shafey, Algeria Watch, November 19, 2005.

56. “Stop Funding America’s Enemies,” Defense Tech, May 25, 2006.

 

 

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Chapter Summaries & Source Documents

The chapter summaries and source document libraries as based on the end notes within Inside Gitmo are currently under construction. They will be completed by the book's January 27th release date.

Preface and Introduction
Guantanamo, the Myth and Reality

Chapter 1
Why Guantanamo?


Chapter 2
Muhammad al Qahtani:
A Terrorist Case Study


Chapter 3 
In the Beginning: Camp X-Ray

Chapter 4 
Camp Delta's Mission:
A Work in Progress


Chapter 5
Meet the "Foreign Fighters"

Chapter 6
Maximum Security: Camps I, II, and III

Chapter 7 
Compliance Rewarded:
Inside the Camp IV Wire


Chapter 8
Segregation and Supervision:
Camps V and VI


Chapter 9
Camps Echo, Iguana, and
a "Secret" CIA Installation


Chapter 10
Daily Life at Gitmo

Chapter 11
Meet the American Military

Chapter 12
Hunger Strikes: Asymmetrical
Warfare in Action


Chapter 13
The Value of Intelligence

Chapter 14
The Future of Guantanamo:
Critiques and Recommendations

 

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Frank Gaffney photo"Inside Gitmo is a book of incalculable importance. It lays bare the myths and the stakes involved in the campaign to shut down a facility that any objective reader must conclude is vital to our national security. Every policy-maker in Washington and every citizen across America should study this books brilliant first-hand reporting and its alarming findings." Frank Gaffney, Jr, President, Center for Security Policy and author of War Footing

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The "Living Book" Concept

The "Living Book" Concept

This companion web site to Inside Gitmo was conceived and executed by Avery Johnson in collaboration with Chuck Martin. As a highly skilled, experienced researcher, Avery imposes strict demands on her work and that of author's with whom she works. Every stated fact must be backed by hard documentation. Hence readers find 524 citations in Inside Gitmo from a multiplicity of sources. Avery took that as "a good start."

Her concept - that you can interact with on these pages - is that with an issue as dynamic and multi-faceted as Guantanamo is too large to be captured only in a work of print. In order to complement and supplement the final work so that readers may continue to be apprised of developments on this critical subject and dig deeper into subjects that interest them, it is necessary and valuable to take advantage of technology.

Illustrative of this concept is that this site functions as a repository for all original documents used in the book as well as providing additional sources for continued research into the subject. For readers seeking context for specific passages referenced in the book, the site provides access to the original report, news article, book, or other source quoted. By so doing we are able to circumvent necessary space limitations in print by augmenting the book with electronic back-up.

Additionally, the site goes where print cannot: it provides an email based discussion group, videos, updated news articles, a blog, podcasts, and other resources. It highlights new developments, steers readers to newly published works, and offers visitors the opportunity to purchase relevant works from the site.

I think that this concept - a continually updated, vibrant companion website for a published book with complete references included - ought to be the new gold standard in publishing and strongly urge new and proven writers and authors to advantage themselves of these services.

Avery Johnson and her team can be contacted at avery.j@comcast.net.

About the Author

I'm a retired Green Beret lieutenant colonel, Vietnam War veteran and career officer, and now a writer. After serving more than thirteen years in East Asia I was sent on assignments in El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, and eventually worked Korea and East Asian affairs at both the Pentagon and Department of State.

My many adventures since then have included raising llamas and alpacas in upstate New York, serving as the Executive Director of the Korea Society in Manhattan, working as an international marketing VP for General Electric in Asia, and traveling within corners of the world that few have had the privilege of experiencing.

In April-May 2008 I spent a month embedded with Military Police units in Iraq. Stories from my trip are posted at supportamericansoldiers.com — a book about what I saw and learned is also in the making.

My first book Separated at Birth: How North Korea became the Evil Twin was published in September 2004.


Author's Notes

Many of the articles and works referenced in the book Inside Gitmo contain highly controversial, often inflamatory, and frequently inaccurate information. I cited these works for very specific reasons - to extract quotes, show contravailing points of view, and, in cases where factual information is contained in the piece, to use sources that may be intellectually opposed to Guantanamo for balance.

Use of these varied references does not imply that I agree with most, all, or any of the content. They are used for the reasons noted above, and ought to be read in context with the entire book for complete understanding.


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